Dr. O'Connor with a collection of Greek cigarettes in the cigarette repository.

Filter ventilation is measured from the filter tip. Barley visible vent holes are shown.

Cigarette ventilation is measured using a cigarette ventilation and pressure drop testing machine. These measures will possible serve as a benchmark for measuring how smokers compensate.

Tobaco is weighed using a scale pictured below.

This project will help to characterize samples from these and other packs from around the world on features such as tobacco weight,tobacco blend, filter weight, Other characteristics investigated include filter type, filter ventilation, and pressure drop.

As a specific aims: To evaluate how the European Unions (EU) newly-implemented regulations to reduce cigarette emissions to less than 10 mg tar, 1 mg of nicotine, and 10 parts per million of carbon monoxide (CO) has resulted in changes in design and smoke chemistries over time by comparing selected cigarette brands before and after the policy.

Furthermore, we will link survey responses from Projects 1 and 2 for those who report smoking the brands that undergo CDC testing to assess differences in awareness, perceptions, and behavior.

This study will also assess smoke chemistries, including:

• tar
• nicotine
• carbon monoxide
• free nicotine
• levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in smoke, and
• levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoke

How did UK cigarette makers get their brands to 10 mg 'Tar' or less?